Saros 156

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 156

Fred Espenak

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 156

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 156 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 156
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s		 ΔT Sigma
s		 Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°		 Long

°		 Sun Alt
°		 Path Width km Central Dur
1-34 2011-Jul-0108:39:30 66 0 142 Pb t- -1.4917 0.0971 65S 29E 0 - -
2-33 2029-Jul-1115:37:19 73 2 365 P t- -1.4191 0.2303 64S 86W 0 - -
3-32 2047-Jul-2222:36:17 81 8 588 P t- -1.3477 0.3605 63S 160E 0 - -
4-31 2065-Aug-0205:34:17 92 16 811 P t- -1.2758 0.4903 63S 46E 0 - -
5-30 2083-Aug-1312:34:41 106 27 1034 P t- -1.2064 0.6146 62S 68W 0 - -
6-29 2101-Aug-2419:37:03 122 39 1257 P t- -1.1392 0.7337 62S 178E 0 - -
7-28 2119-Sep-0502:44:27 141 52 1480 P t- -1.0766 0.8431 61S 62E 0 - -
8-27 2137-Sep-1509:56:34 162 67 1703 P t- -1.0184 0.9436 61S 54W 0 - -
9-26 2155-Sep-2617:14:27 186 83 1926 A t- -0.9654 0.9593 59S 144W 15 56902m55s
10-25 2173-Oct-0700:39:13 213 101 2149 A p- -0.9186 0.9558 58S 113E 23 40203m17s
11-24 2191-Oct-1808:11:12 242 119 2372 A p- -0.8783 0.9516 59S 4E 28 36503m39s
12-23 2209-Oct-2915:50:20 273 139 2595 A p- -0.8445 0.9472 61S 107W 32 35804m02s
13-22 2227-Nov-0923:36:42 308 160 2818 A p- -0.8171 0.9429 63S 140E 35 36404m24s
14-21 2245-Nov-2007:29:36 344 181 3041 A p- -0.7954 0.9387 66S 26E 37 37404m45s
15-20 2263-Dec-0115:28:44 384 204 3264 A p- -0.7794 0.9349 69S 87W 38 38805m06s
16-19 2281-Dec-1123:31:24 425 228 3487 A p- -0.7667 0.9316 71S 163E 40 40005m26s
17-18 2299-Dec-2307:38:41 470 252 3710 A p- -0.7583 0.9288 72S 54E 40 41205m45s
18-17 2318-Jan-0315:47:14 517 278 3933 A p- -0.7518 0.9265 72S 55W 41 42206m02s
19-16 2336-Jan-1423:56:41 567 304 4156 A p- -0.7462 0.9250 70S 166W 41 42706m18s
20-15 2354-Jan-2508:03:19 619 332 4379 A p- -0.7388 0.9240 66S 79E 42 42706m35s
21-14 2372-Feb-0516:07:47 674 360 4602 A p- -0.7301 0.9237 62S 38W 43 42206m50s
22-13 2390-Feb-1600:06:58 731 389 4825 A p- -0.7177 0.9239 56S 157W 44 41107m06s
23-12 2408-Feb-2707:59:39 791 419 5048 A p- -0.7004 0.9249 51S 84E 45 39407m22s
24-11 2426-Mar-0915:44:44 853 450 5271 A p- -0.6773 0.9262 45S 34W 47 37407m38s
25-10 2444-Mar-1923:21:37 918 482 5494 A p- -0.6476 0.9280 38S 150W 49 35107m53s
26 -9 2462-Mar-3106:49:43 986 514 5717 A p- -0.6110 0.9302 32S 95E 52 32708m07s
27 -8 2480-Apr-1014:07:45 1056 548 5940 A p- -0.5664 0.9326 25S 17W 55 30308m18s
28 -7 2498-Apr-2121:17:11 1129 582 6163 A p- -0.5148 0.9351 18S 127W 59 28008m26s
29 -6 2516-May-0304:17:45 1204 617 6386 A p- -0.4558 0.9377 11S 125E 63 25908m28s
30 -5 2534-May-1411:09:27 1282 653 6609 A p- -0.3896 0.9402 4S 21E 67 24008m23s
31 -4 2552-May-2417:54:07 1363 689 6832 A pn -0.3173 0.9425 3N 82W 72 22408m09s
32 -3 2570-Jun-0500:32:15 1446 727 7055 A nn -0.2395 0.9446 9N 178E 76 21107m48s
33 -2 2588-Jun-1507:06:18 1532 765 7278 A nn -0.1582 0.9463 14N 80E 81 20007m21s
34 -1 2606-Jun-2713:34:37 1620 804 7501 A nn -0.0720 0.9477 19N 16W 86 19306m52s
35 0 2624-Jul-0720:02:08 1711 843 7724 Am nn 0.0151 0.9487 23N 112W 89 18806m24s
36 1 2642-Jul-1902:27:51 1804 884 7947 A nn 0.1040 0.9493 27N 154E 84 18706m00s
37 2 2660-Jul-2908:55:18 1900 925 8170 A nn 0.1915 0.9495 29N 60E 79 18905m42s
38 3 2678-Aug-0915:23:53 1998 967 8393 A nn 0.2783 0.9492 30N 34W 74 19405m30s
39 4 2696-Aug-1921:57:53 2099 1010 8616 A -p 0.3609 0.9485 31N 129W 69 20105m24s
40 5 2714-Sep-0104:36:47 2203 1054 8839 A -p 0.4397 0.9474 31N 134E 64 21305m24s
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 156
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s		 ΔT Sigma
s		 Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°		 Long

°		 Sun Alt
°		 Path Width km Central Dur
41 6 2732-Sep-1111:21:50 2309 1098 9062 A -p 0.5139 0.9461 31N 35E 59 22705m29s
42 7 2750-Sep-2218:14:41 2418 1143 9285 A -p 0.5818 0.9445 31N 66W 54 24605m40s
43 8 2768-Oct-0301:16:24 2530 1189 9508 A -p 0.6427 0.9428 31N 170W 50 26905m54s
44 9 2786-Oct-1408:28:02 2643 1235 9731 A -p 0.6962 0.9410 31N 83E 46 29606m11s
45 10 2804-Oct-2415:47:58 2760 1283 9954 A -p 0.7434 0.9392 31N 27W 42 32706m30s
46 11 2822-Nov-0423:19:08 2879 1331 10177 A -p 0.7818 0.9376 32N 141W 38 36206m49s
47 12 2840-Nov-1506:58:55 3001 1379 10400 A -p 0.8136 0.9363 33N 103E 35 39907m05s
48 13 2858-Nov-2614:48:28 3125 1429 10623 A -p 0.8378 0.9354 34N 16W 33 43507m17s
49 14 2876-Dec-0622:44:49 3252 1479 10846 A -p 0.8571 0.9349 36N 138W 31 46807m22s
50 15 2894-Dec-1806:49:23 3381 1530 11069 A -p 0.8701 0.9350 37N 98E 29 49207m20s
51 16 2912-Dec-2914:58:31 3513 1582 11292 A -p 0.8799 0.9356 39N 27W 28 50707m10s
52 17 2931-Jan-0923:11:59 3648 1634 11515 A -p 0.8865 0.9369 41N 154W 27 51006m52s
53 18 2949-Jan-2007:27:32 3785 1687 11738 A -p 0.8920 0.9388 43N 78E 27 50506m26s
54 19 2967-Jan-3115:44:44 3924 1741 11961 A -p 0.8962 0.9413 46N 50W 26 49105m54s
55 20 2985-Feb-1023:59:57 4067 1796 12184 A -p 0.9029 0.9444 49N 178W 25 47705m18s
56 21 3003-Feb-2308:13:19 4211 1851 12407 A -p 0.9117 0.9479 53N 53E 24 46604m41s
57 22 3021-Mar-0516:22:24 4359 1907 12630 A -p 0.9244 0.9519 58N 75W 22 46304m02s
58 23 3039-Mar-1700:28:02 4509 1964 12853 A -p 0.9406 0.9560 63N 155E 19 47703m25s
59 24 3057-Mar-2708:25:54 4661 2021 13076 A -p 0.9638 0.9601 69N 20E 15 56102m50s
60 25 3075-Apr-0716:19:17 4816 2079 13299 An -p 0.9914 0.9632 73N 136W 6 - 02m19s
61 26 3093-Apr-1800:04:16 4974 2138 13522 P -t 1.0268 0.9308 71N 75E 0 - -
62 27 3111-Apr-3007:44:37 5134 2198 13745 P -t 1.0665 0.8627 71N 53W 0 - -
63 28 3129-May-1015:15:56 5297 2258 13968 P -t 1.1143 0.7793 70N 178W 0 - -
64 29 3147-May-2122:43:41 5463 2319 14191 P -t 1.1657 0.6885 69N 59E 0 - -
65 30 3165-Jun-0106:04:23 5631 2381 14414 P -t 1.2236 0.5846 68N 61W 0 - -
66 31 3183-Jun-1213:21:51 5801 2443 14637 P -t 1.2846 0.4738 67N 179E 0 - -
67 32 3201-Jun-2220:34:39 5974 2506 14860 P -t 1.3500 0.3538 66N 61E 0 - -
68 33 3219-Jul-0403:46:36 6150 2570 15083 P -t 1.4167 0.2305 65N 56W 0 - -
69 34 3237-Jul-1410:56:56 6328 2635 15306 Pe -t 1.4852 0.1028 64N 172W 0 - -

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 156

Solar eclipses of Saros 156 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2011 Jul 01. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 3237 Jul 14. The total duration of Saros series 156 is 1226.05 years.

Summary of Saros 156
First Eclipse 2011 Jul 01
Last Eclipse 3237 Jul 14
Series Duration 1226.05 Years
No. of Eclipses 69
Sequence 8P 52A 9P

Saros 156 is composed of 69 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 156
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 69100.0%
PartialP 17 24.6%
AnnularA 52 75.4%
TotalT 0 0.0%
HybridH 0 0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 156 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 156
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 52100.0%
Central (two limits) 51 98.1%
Central (one limit) 1 1.9%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The 69 eclipses in Saros 156 occur in the following order : 8P 52A 9P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 156 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 156
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 2516 May 0308m28s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 3075 Apr 0702m19s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 2137 Sep 15 - 0.94364
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 2011 Jul 01 - 0.09710

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 156

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

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Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.