EclipseWise - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 78

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 78

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 78 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 78
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
1	-36	-0463-Jun-09	14:14:24	16447	417	-30458	Pb	t-	-1.5422	0.0171	67S	39E	0	-	-
2	-35	-0445-Jun-20	20:59:26	16142	410	-30235	P	t-	-1.4591	0.1640	66S	74W	0	-	-
3	-34	-0427-Jul-01	03:49:29	15853	404	-30012	P	t-	-1.3786	0.3069	65S	172E	0	-	-
4	-33	-0409-Jul-12	10:45:40	15565	397	-29789	P	t-	-1.3016	0.4441	64S	57E	0	-	-
5	-32	-0391-Jul-22	17:49:54	15286	391	-29566	P	t-	-1.2298	0.5726	64S	60W	0	-	-
6	-31	-0373-Aug-03	01:02:55	15018	385	-29343	P	t-	-1.1637	0.6910	63S	179W	0	-	-
7	-30	-0355-Aug-13	08:24:23	14749	378	-29120	P	t-	-1.1033	0.7993	62S	60E	0	-	-
8	-29	-0337-Aug-24	15:56:28	14493	372	-28897	P	t-	-1.0505	0.8940	61S	63W	0	-	-
9	-28	-0319-Sep-03	23:38:28	14242	366	-28674	P	t-	-1.0051	0.9754	61S	172E	0	-	-
10	-27	-0301-Sep-15	07:31:23	13991	360	-28451	A	t-	-0.9676	0.9823	56S	69E	14	250	01m16s
11	-26	-0283-Sep-25	15:32:51	13754	354	-28228	A	t-	-0.9363	0.9841	55S	50W	20	158	01m08s
12	-25	-0265-Oct-06	23:44:38	13516	348	-28005	A	t-	-0.9127	0.9855	56S	174W	24	124	01m01s
13	-24	-0247-Oct-17	08:04:16	13281	342	-27782	A	p-	-0.8948	0.9867	58S	59E	26	104	00m55s
14	-23	-0229-Oct-28	16:31:19	13057	336	-27559	A	p-	-0.8824	0.9882	61S	70W	28	88	00m47s
15	-22	-0211-Nov-08	01:04:08	12832	330	-27336	A	p-	-0.8741	0.9898	65S	159E	29	74	00m40s
16	-21	-0193-Nov-19	09:41:34	12613	324	-27113	A	p-	-0.8691	0.9919	69S	28E	29	58	00m31s
17	-20	-0175-Nov-29	18:21:49	12402	318	-26890	A	p-	-0.8656	0.9944	73S	103W	30	39	00m21s
18	-19	-0157-Dec-11	03:02:18	12190	312	-26667	A	p-	-0.8618	0.9976	77S	131E	30	17	00m09s
19	-18	-0139-Dec-21	11:43:02	11986	307	-26444	H	p-	-0.8576	1.0012	81S	15E	31	8	00m05s
20	-17	-0120-Jan-01	20:20:57	11786	301	-26221	H	p-	-0.8510	1.0055	82S	86W	31	37	00m21s
21	-16	-0102-Jan-12	04:55:02	11585	296	-25998	T	p-	-0.8405	1.0104	80S	170E	32	67	00m39s
22	-15	-0084-Jan-23	13:23:21	11391	290	-25775	T	p-	-0.8247	1.0158	75S	53E	34	97	01m01s
23	-14	-0066-Feb-02	21:46:12	11197	285	-25552	T	p-	-0.8041	1.0217	69S	71W	36	125	01m26s
24	-13	-0048-Feb-14	06:02:15	11005	279	-25329	T	p-	-0.7774	1.0279	63S	163E	39	150	01m54s
25	-12	-0030-Feb-24	14:10:17	10819	274	-25106	T	p-	-0.7437	1.0343	56S	38E	42	172	02m27s
26	-11	-0012-Mar-06	22:11:23	10632	268	-24883	T	p-	-0.7037	1.0407	48S	87W	45	191	03m03s
27	-10	0006-Mar-18	06:04:50	10449	263	-24660	T	p-	-0.6567	1.0470	41S	150E	49	206	03m42s
28	-9	0024-Mar-28	13:52:00	10272	258	-24437	T	p-	-0.6040	1.0531	33S	29E	53	219	04m24s
29	-8	0042-Apr-08	21:32:12	10095	253	-24214	T	p-	-0.5451	1.0588	25S	90W	57	229	05m05s
30	-7	0060-Apr-19	05:07:56	9920	248	-23991	T	p-	-0.4816	1.0640	17S	152E	61	238	05m45s
31	-6	0078-Apr-30	12:39:15	9746	243	-23768	T	p-	-0.4138	1.0685	10S	35E	65	245	06m19s
32	-5	0096-May-10	20:06:45	9572	238	-23545	T	n-	-0.3422	1.0723	2S	80W	70	250	06m47s
33	-4	0114-May-22	03:32:27	9400	233	-23322	T	n-	-0.2685	1.0753	5N	166E	74	253	07m06s
34	-3	0132-Jun-01	10:56:58	9228	228	-23099	T	n-	-0.1934	1.0775	11N	53E	79	255	07m14s
35	-2	0150-Jun-12	18:22:45	9056	223	-22876	T	nn	-0.1189	1.0787	17N	59W	83	256	07m13s
36	-1	0168-Jun-23	01:48:35	8884	218	-22653	T	nn	-0.0442	1.0792	21N	171W	88	256	07m03s
37	0	0186-Jul-04	09:18:37	8713	213	-22430	Tm	nn	0.0273	1.0787	25N	77E	88	254	06m47s
38	1	0204-Jul-14	16:51:30	8541	209	-22207	T	nn	0.0967	1.0774	28N	35W	84	252	06m27s
39	2	0222-Jul-26	00:30:10	8369	204	-21984	T	-n	0.1611	1.0754	29N	148W	81	248	06m06s
40	3	0240-Aug-05	08:13:00	8197	200	-21761	T	-n	0.2219	1.0727	29N	97E	77	242	05m45s

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 78
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
41	4	0258-Aug-16	16:04:02	8025	195	-21538	T	-n	0.2759	1.0696	29N	19W	74	235	05m25s
42	5	0276-Aug-27	00:01:11	7853	191	-21315	T	-n	0.3248	1.0660	27N	138W	71	227	05m06s
43	6	0294-Sep-07	08:06:17	7681	186	-21092	T	-n	0.3670	1.0621	25N	101E	68	218	04m49s
44	7	0312-Sep-17	16:18:44	7508	182	-20869	T	-n	0.4030	1.0581	23N	23W	66	207	04m33s
45	8	0330-Sep-29	00:40:06	7334	177	-20646	T	-n	0.4312	1.0540	20N	149W	64	196	04m19s
46	9	0348-Oct-09	09:08:27	7160	173	-20423	T	-n	0.4538	1.0501	17N	83E	63	185	04m07s
47	10	0366-Oct-20	17:43:18	6983	169	-20200	T	-p	0.4708	1.0464	14N	47W	62	173	03m56s
48	11	0384-Oct-31	02:24:05	6805	165	-19977	T	-p	0.4830	1.0431	12N	179W	61	163	03m47s
49	12	0402-Nov-11	11:10:20	6627	161	-19754	T	-p	0.4903	1.0401	10N	47E	61	153	03m39s
50	13	0420-Nov-21	19:59:03	6448	157	-19531	T	-p	0.4954	1.0377	8N	87W	60	145	03m33s
51	14	0438-Dec-03	04:50:26	6269	153	-19308	T	-p	0.4980	1.0357	7N	138E	60	138	03m27s
52	15	0456-Dec-13	13:41:16	6091	149	-19085	T	-p	0.5009	1.0342	6N	4E	60	133	03m23s
53	16	0474-Dec-24	22:31:40	5915	145	-18862	T	-p	0.5038	1.0332	7N	130W	60	129	03m20s
54	17	0493-Jan-04	07:17:11	5740	141	-18639	T	-p	0.5103	1.0326	8N	96E	59	128	03m16s
55	18	0511-Jan-15	15:59:54	5564	137	-18416	T	-p	0.5188	1.0323	10N	36W	59	128	03m14s
56	19	0529-Jan-26	00:35:22	5388	133	-18193	T	-p	0.5326	1.0323	14N	168W	58	129	03m10s
57	20	0547-Feb-06	09:04:36	5212	130	-17970	T	-p	0.5514	1.0325	18N	62E	56	131	03m07s
58	21	0565-Feb-16	17:24:29	5040	126	-17747	T	-p	0.5776	1.0327	23N	66W	55	134	03m02s
59	22	0583-Feb-28	01:37:20	4867	122	-17524	T	-p	0.6091	1.0329	29N	168E	52	139	02m55s
60	23	0601-Mar-10	09:40:26	4695	119	-17301	T	-p	0.6482	1.0327	35N	43E	49	144	02m47s
61	24	0619-Mar-21	17:34:29	4527	115	-17078	T	-p	0.6943	1.0323	43N	80W	46	150	02m36s
62	25	0637-Apr-01	01:19:44	4358	112	-16855	T	-p	0.7472	1.0312	51N	158E	41	158	02m21s
63	26	0655-Apr-12	08:56:50	4191	109	-16632	T	-p	0.8064	1.0296	60N	37E	36	169	02m05s
64	27	0673-Apr-22	16:26:09	4026	105	-16409	T	-t	0.8713	1.0270	70N	88W	29	188	01m45s
65	28	0691-May-03	23:48:03	3861	102	-16186	T	-t	0.9414	1.0229	79N	123E	19	238	01m20s
66	29	0709-May-14	07:04:26	3700	99	-15963	P	-t	1.0153	0.9738	69N	69W	0	-	-
67	30	0727-May-25	14:15:48	3544	95	-15740	P	-t	1.0924	0.8297	68N	171E	0	-	-
68	31	0745-Jun-04	21:22:33	3388	92	-15517	P	-t	1.1723	0.6811	67N	53E	0	-	-
69	32	0763-Jun-16	04:27:21	3237	89	-15294	P	-t	1.2525	0.5328	66N	64W	0	-	-
70	33	0781-Jun-26	11:30:36	3089	86	-15071	P	-t	1.3329	0.3851	65N	179E	0	-	-
71	34	0799-Jul-07	18:35:00	2940	83	-14848	P	-t	1.4111	0.2429	64N	62E	0	-	-
72	35	0817-Jul-18	01:39:33	2798	80	-14625	Pe	-t	1.4879	0.1045	63N	54W	0	-	-

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 78

Solar eclipses of Saros 78 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0463 Jun 09. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0817 Jul 18. The total duration of Saros series 78 is 1280.14 years.

Summary of Saros 78

First Eclipse	-0463 Jun 09
Last Eclipse	0817 Jul 18
Series Duration	1280.14 Years
No. of Eclipses	72
Sequence	9P 9A 2H 45T 7P

Saros 78 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 78
Eclipse Type	Symbol	Number	Percent
All Eclipses	-	72	100.0%
Partial	P	16	22.2%
Annular	A	9	12.5%
Total	T	45	62.5%
Hybrid	H	2	2.8%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 78 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 78
Classification	Number	Percent
All Umbral Eclipses	56	100.0%
Central (two limits)	56	100.0%
Central (one limit)	0	0.0%
Non-Central (one limit)	0	0.0%

The 72 eclipses in Saros 78 occur in the following order : 9P 9A 2H 45T 7P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 78 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 78
Extrema Type	Date	Duration	Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse	-0301 Sep 15	01m16s	-
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse	-0157 Dec 11	00m09s	-
Longest Total Solar Eclipse	0132 Jun 01	07m14s	-
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse	-0102 Jan 12	00m39s	-
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	-0120 Jan 01	00m21s	-
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	-0139 Dec 21	00m05s	-
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse	-0319 Sep 03	-	0.97540
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse	-0463 Jun 09	-	0.01712

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 78

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Predictions

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links
Solar Eclipse Basics - a primer on solar eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series - covers Saros series -30 through 190
Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - from -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page for world eclipse maps covering 5 millennia
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
How to Photograph a Solar Eclipse - instructions for imaging an eclipse of the Sun
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.