EclipseWise - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 31

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 31

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 31 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 31
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
1	-35	-1805-Jan-31	08:30:23	41771	2953	-47061	Pb	t-	1.5529	0.0076	63N	168W	0	-	-
2	-34	-1787-Feb-10	16:06:46	41356	2885	-46838	P	t-	1.5216	0.0621	63N	67E	0	-	-
3	-33	-1769-Feb-21	23:31:42	40943	2818	-46615	P	t-	1.4819	0.1313	62N	55W	0	-	-
4	-32	-1751-Mar-04	06:46:57	40532	2752	-46392	P	t-	1.4350	0.2131	61N	175W	0	-	-
5	-31	-1733-Mar-15	13:51:25	40124	2686	-46169	P	t-	1.3800	0.3091	61N	68E	0	-	-
6	-30	-1715-Mar-25	20:46:05	39717	2621	-45946	P	t-	1.3175	0.4182	61N	46W	0	-	-
7	-29	-1697-Apr-06	03:32:14	39313	2557	-45723	P	t-	1.2486	0.5383	61N	158W	0	-	-
8	-28	-1679-Apr-16	10:11:04	38911	2493	-45500	P	t-	1.1744	0.6674	61N	92E	0	-	-
9	-27	-1661-Apr-27	16:43:13	38510	2430	-45277	P	t-	1.0953	0.8049	61N	16W	0	-	-
10	-26	-1643-May-07	23:11:03	38112	2368	-45054	P	t-	1.0128	0.9476	61N	124W	0	-	-
11	-25	-1625-May-19	05:35:38	37716	2306	-44831	A	t-	0.9282	0.9523	67N	179E	21	470	03m19s
12	-24	-1607-May-29	11:59:25	37322	2245	-44608	A	p-	0.8431	0.9525	67N	103E	32	322	03m32s
13	-23	-1589-Jun-09	18:21:54	36930	2185	-44385	A	p-	0.7572	0.9516	66N	23E	40	271	03m51s
14	-22	-1571-Jun-20	00:48:00	36540	2126	-44162	A	p-	0.6747	0.9499	63N	62W	47	249	04m15s
15	-21	-1553-Jul-01	07:16:25	36152	2067	-43939	A	p-	0.5944	0.9476	60N	150W	53	240	04m44s
16	-20	-1535-Jul-11	13:51:45	35766	2009	-43716	A	p-	0.5197	0.9449	55N	116E	58	238	05m19s
17	-19	-1517-Jul-22	20:31:41	35382	1952	-43493	A	p-	0.4490	0.9418	50N	20E	63	241	05m59s
18	-18	-1499-Aug-02	03:21:28	35001	1895	-43270	A	p-	0.3866	0.9386	44N	82W	67	248	06m42s
19	-17	-1481-Aug-13	10:18:01	34621	1839	-43047	A	p-	0.3301	0.9351	38N	174E	71	256	07m27s
20	-16	-1463-Aug-23	17:24:32	34244	1784	-42824	A	nn	0.2819	0.9318	32N	66E	73	266	08m10s
21	-15	-1445-Sep-04	00:39:26	33868	1730	-42601	A	nn	0.2406	0.9286	26N	44W	76	276	08m51s
22	-14	-1427-Sep-14	08:05:03	33495	1676	-42378	A	nn	0.2081	0.9256	20N	158W	78	286	09m27s
23	-13	-1409-Sep-25	15:38:48	33123	1623	-42155	A	nn	0.1827	0.9229	14N	86E	79	296	10m00s
24	-12	-1391-Oct-05	23:20:44	32754	1571	-41932	A	nn	0.1639	0.9208	9N	32W	81	304	10m27s
25	-11	-1373-Oct-17	07:09:48	32387	1519	-41709	A	nn	0.1510	0.9190	4N	152W	81	310	10m51s
26	-10	-1355-Oct-27	15:05:13	32022	1468	-41486	A	nn	0.1430	0.9180	1S	87E	82	314	11m10s
27	-9	-1337-Nov-07	23:04:12	31659	1418	-41263	A	nn	0.1380	0.9176	5S	35W	82	316	11m24s
28	-8	-1319-Nov-18	07:05:44	31298	1369	-41040	A	nn	0.1348	0.9178	9S	157W	82	315	11m30s
29	-7	-1301-Nov-29	15:07:45	30939	1320	-40817	A	nn	0.1316	0.9188	12S	81E	83	311	11m26s
30	-6	-1283-Dec-09	23:09:24	30582	1273	-40594	A	nn	0.1277	0.9205	15S	40W	83	303	11m11s
31	-5	-1265-Dec-21	07:06:54	30227	1225	-40371	A	nn	0.1199	0.9229	17S	161W	83	293	10m44s
32	-4	-1247-Dec-31	15:00:57	29875	1179	-40148	A	nn	0.1086	0.9259	18S	80E	84	280	10m06s
33	-3	-1228-Jan-11	22:48:10	29524	1133	-39925	A	nn	0.0911	0.9295	18S	37W	85	265	09m19s
34	-2	-1210-Jan-22	06:29:07	29175	1088	-39702	A	nn	0.0680	0.9337	18S	153W	86	248	08m26s
35	-1	-1192-Feb-02	14:01:03	28829	1044	-39479	A	nn	0.0366	0.9381	18S	94E	88	230	07m33s
36	0	-1174-Feb-12	21:25:59	28484	1001	-39256	A	nn	-0.0010	0.9430	17S	18W	90	211	06m40s
37	1	-1156-Feb-24	04:42:09	28142	958	-39033	A	nn	-0.0468	0.9480	16S	127W	87	191	05m52s
38	2	-1138-Mar-06	11:49:52	27802	916	-38810	Am	nn	-0.1001	0.9532	15S	125E	84	172	05m07s
39	3	-1120-Mar-16	18:49:51	27463	875	-38587	A	nn	-0.1604	0.9582	14S	20E	81	154	04m28s
40	4	-1102-Mar-28	01:43:24	27127	835	-38364	A	nn	-0.2266	0.9632	13S	84W	77	136	03m52s

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 31
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
41	5	-1084-Apr-07	08:31:41	26793	795	-38141	A	nn	-0.2981	0.9679	12S	173E	73	120	03m22s
42	6	-1066-Apr-18	15:14:35	26461	757	-37918	A	-p	-0.3749	0.9722	13S	72E	68	106	02m56s
43	7	-1048-Apr-28	21:55:40	26131	719	-37695	A	-p	-0.4539	0.9760	13S	29W	63	95	02m33s
44	8	-1030-May-10	04:34:44	25803	681	-37472	A	-p	-0.5351	0.9794	15S	129W	58	85	02m14s
45	9	-1012-May-20	11:14:31	25477	645	-37249	A	-p	-0.6165	0.9821	18S	129E	52	79	01m57s
46	10	-0994-May-31	17:55:12	25154	620	-37026	A	-p	-0.6982	0.9841	22S	27E	46	77	01m44s
47	11	-0976-Jun-11	00:40:02	24832	613	-36803	A	-p	-0.7771	0.9854	28S	76W	39	81	01m34s
48	12	-0958-Jun-22	07:29:13	24512	606	-36580	A	-p	-0.8533	0.9859	35S	179E	31	95	01m27s
49	13	-0940-Jul-02	14:24:02	24195	599	-36357	A	-p	-0.9256	0.9853	44S	71E	22	138	01m24s
50	14	-0922-Jul-13	21:26:26	23879	592	-36134	As	-t	-0.9923	0.9822	61S	41W	6	-	01m27s
51	15	-0904-Jul-24	04:37:03	23566	585	-35911	P	-t	-1.0529	0.8906	68S	160W	0	-	-
52	16	-0886-Aug-04	11:57:13	23255	578	-35688	P	-t	-1.1065	0.7943	69S	77E	0	-	-
53	17	-0868-Aug-14	19:26:28	22945	572	-35465	P	-t	-1.1535	0.7099	70S	49W	0	-	-
54	18	-0850-Aug-26	03:06:27	22638	565	-35242	P	-t	-1.1924	0.6398	70S	178W	0	-	-
55	19	-0832-Sep-05	10:56:22	22333	558	-35019	P	-t	-1.2240	0.5830	71S	50E	0	-	-
56	20	-0814-Sep-16	18:55:54	22030	551	-34796	P	-t	-1.2485	0.5389	71S	84W	0	-	-
57	21	-0796-Sep-27	03:05:25	21729	544	-34573	P	-t	-1.2658	0.5077	72S	138E	0	-	-
58	22	-0778-Oct-08	11:23:37	21430	537	-34350	P	-t	-1.2771	0.4874	72S	2W	0	-	-
59	23	-0760-Oct-18	19:50:14	21133	530	-34127	P	-t	-1.2823	0.4780	71S	144W	0	-	-
60	24	-0742-Oct-30	04:22:01	20838	524	-33904	P	-t	-1.2842	0.4745	71S	73E	0	-	-
61	25	-0724-Nov-09	13:00:16	20546	517	-33681	P	-t	-1.2818	0.4788	70S	71W	0	-	-
62	26	-0706-Nov-20	21:40:51	20255	510	-33458	P	-t	-1.2787	0.4845	69S	145E	0	-	-
63	27	-0688-Dec-01	06:23:53	19966	503	-33235	P	-t	-1.2743	0.4926	68S	1E	0	-	-
64	28	-0670-Dec-12	15:05:16	19680	496	-33012	P	-t	-1.2721	0.4967	67S	141W	0	-	-
65	29	-0652-Dec-22	23:46:07	19395	488	-32789	P	-t	-1.2711	0.4986	66S	76E	0	-	-
66	30	-0633-Jan-03	08:22:45	19113	481	-32566	P	-t	-1.2743	0.4926	65S	64W	0	-	-
67	31	-0615-Jan-13	16:54:59	18833	474	-32343	P	-t	-1.2818	0.4788	64S	157E	0	-	-
68	32	-0597-Jan-25	01:20:43	18554	467	-32120	P	-t	-1.2954	0.4536	63S	20E	0	-	-
69	33	-0579-Feb-04	09:40:22	18280	460	-31897	P	-t	-1.3145	0.4179	62S	116W	0	-	-
70	34	-0561-Feb-15	17:51:57	18005	453	-31674	P	-t	-1.3407	0.3684	62S	111E	0	-	-
71	35	-0543-Feb-26	01:56:31	17733	447	-31451	P	-t	-1.3732	0.3063	61S	20W	0	-	-
72	36	-0525-Mar-09	09:53:12	17464	440	-31228	P	-t	-1.4127	0.2305	61S	149W	0	-	-
73	37	-0507-Mar-19	17:44:00	17195	433	-31005	P	-t	-1.4577	0.1436	61S	83E	0	-	-
74	38	-0489-Mar-31	01:26:29	16900	426	-30782	Pe	-t	-1.5097	0.0423	61S	42W	0	-	-

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 31

Solar eclipses of Saros 31 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1805 Jan 31. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0489 Mar 31. The total duration of Saros series 31 is 1316.20 years.

Summary of Saros 31

First Eclipse	-1805 Jan 31
Last Eclipse	-0489 Mar 31
Series Duration	1316.20 Years
No. of Eclipses	74
Sequence	10P 40A 24P

Saros 31 is composed of 74 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 31
Eclipse Type	Symbol	Number	Percent
All Eclipses	-	74	100.0%
Partial	P	34	45.9%
Annular	A	40	54.1%
Total	T	0	0.0%
Hybrid	H	0	0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 31 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 31
Classification	Number	Percent
All Umbral Eclipses	40	100.0%
Central (two limits)	39	97.5%
Central (one limit)	1	2.5%
Non-Central (one limit)	0	0.0%

The 74 eclipses in Saros 31 occur in the following order : 10P 40A 24P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 31 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 31
Extrema Type	Date	Duration	Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse	-1319 Nov 18	11m30s	-
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse	-0940 Jul 02	01m24s	-
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse	-1643 May 07	-	0.94763
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse	-1805 Jan 31	-	0.00762

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 31

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Predictions

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links
Solar Eclipse Basics - a primer on solar eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series - covers Saros series -30 through 190
Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - from -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page for world eclipse maps covering 5 millennia
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
How to Photograph a Solar Eclipse - instructions for imaging an eclipse of the Sun
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.